President Roosevelt appoints Francis Leupp as Indian Affairs Commissioner with the mandate to accelerate allotments. Roosevelt gives him power to sell allotments belonging to anyone deemed by Leupp as “non-competent.” Natives are deemed “non-competent” if they demonstrate, according to Leupp, “bad judgement” in “failing to develop” their land. To further accelerate the land seizure, Leupp sets up “competence commissions” and tours Indian agencies to make his own determination of competency instead of waiting for Indians to apply for the allotments (Nies, 1966).